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ketr.services/mailman/README.md
James Ketrenos d3f91889af Adding mailman 
Signed-off-by: James Ketrenos <james_git@ketrenos.com>
2024-05-14 15:19:10 -07:00

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---
permalink: /
---
# GNU Mailman 3 Deployment with Docker
[![CircleCI](https://circleci.com/gh/maxking/docker-mailman/tree/main.svg?style=svg)](https://circleci.com/gh/maxking/docker-mailman/tree/main)
This repository hosts code for two docker images `maxking/mailman-core` and
`maxking/mailman-web` both of which are meant to deploy [GNU Mailman 3][1] in
a production environment.
[Docker][2] is a container ecosystem which can run containers on several
platforms. It consists of a tool called [docker-compose][3] which can be used to
run multi-container applications. This repository consists of a
[`docker-compose.yaml`][19] file which is a set of
configurations that can be used to deploy the [Mailman 3 Suite][4].
Please see [release page](https://github.com/maxking/docker-mailman/releases)
for the releases and change log.
## Release
The tags for the images are assumed to be release versions for images. This is
going to be a somewhat common philosophy of distributing Container images where
the images with same tags are usually updated with the new functionality.
Releases will follow the following rules:
* Images tagged like A.B.C will never change. If you want to pin down versions
of Images, use these tags.
* Images tagged with A.B will correspond to the latest A.B.C version
released. Releases in A.B series are supposed to be backwards compatible,
i.e., any existing installation should not break when upgrading between
subversions of A.B.C. So, if you want the latest updates and want to
frequently update your installation without having to change the version
numbers, you can use this.
* Any changes in the minor version of Mailman components of the images will
cause a bump in the minor version, e.g., A.(B+1) can have one or more
updated Mailman components from A.B. Also, significant change in functionality,
that might change how Images work or how people interact with the containers
can also cause a bump in the minor version.
* Major versions will change either when there are backwards incompatible
changes or when the releases reach a certain set milestone or when there are
bugfix releases for the internal components or both.
## Container Registries
The container images are available from multiple container registries. Do specify an [explicit version tag](https://hub.docker.com/r/maxking/mailman-web/tags?page=1&ordering=last_updated&name=0.) (e.g. `0.4.5` , MAJOR.MINOR like `0.4` also works as floating tag pointing to latest patch version) as tag `latest` is **not** updated anymore.
### Mailman Core
- `ghcr.io/maxking/mailman-core`
- `docker.io/maxking/mailman-core`
### Mailman Web
- `ghcr.io/maxking/mailman-web`
- `docker.io/maxking/mailman-web`
### Postorius
- `ghcr.io/maxking/postorius`
- `docker.io/maxking/postorius`
## Rolling Releases
Rolling releases are made up of Mailman Components installed from [git
source](https://gitlab.com/mailman). **Note that these releases are made up of
un-released software and should be assumed to be beta quality.**
Every commit is tested with Mailman's CI infrastructure and is included in
rolling releases only if they have passed the complete test suite.
```bash
$ docker pull docker.io/maxking/mailman-web:rolling
$ docker pull docker.io/maxking/mailman-core:rolling
```
Rolling releases are built with every commit and also re-generated nightly. You
can inspect the images to get which commit it was built using:
```bash
$ docker inspect --format '{{json .Config.Labels }}' mailman-core | python -m json.tool
{
"version.git_commit": "45a4d7805b2b3d0e7c51679f59682d64ba02f05f",
}
$ docker inspect --format '{{json .Config.Labels }}' mailman-web | python -m json.tool
{
"version.git_commit": "45a4d7805b2b3d0e7c51679f59682d64ba02f05f",
}
```
- `version.git_commit` : This is the commit hash of the Dockerfile in the
[Github repo](https://github.com/maxking/docker-mailman)
## Dependencies
- Docker
- Docker-compose
To install these on Ubuntu/Debian:
```
$ sudo apt install docker.io docker-compose
```
For other systems, you can read the official Docker documentation to install
[Docker from here][5] and [docker-compose from here][6].
## Configuration
Most of the common configuration is handled through environment variables in the
`docker-compose.yaml`. However, there is need for some extra configuration that
interacts directly with the application. There are two configuration files on
the host that interact directly with Mailman's settings. These files exist on
the host running the containers and are imported at runtime in the containers.
* `/opt/mailman/core/mailman-extra.cfg` : This is the configuration for Mailman
Core and anything that you add here will be added to Core's configuration. You
need to restart your mailman-core container for the changes in this file to
take effect.
* `/opt/mailman/web/settings_local.py` : This is the Django configuration that
is imported by the [existing configuration][2]
provided by the mailman-web container. **This file is referred to as
`settings.py` in most of the Postorius and Django documentation.** To change
or override any settings in Django/Postorius, you need to create/edit this file.
A useful configuration for troubleshooting is `DEBUG = True`.
[2]: https://github.com/maxking/docker-mailman/blob/master/web/mailman-web/settings.py
Also, note that if you need any other files to be accessible from the host to
inside the container, you can place them at certain directories which are
mounted inside the containers.
* `/opt/mailman/core` in host maps to `/opt/mailman/` in mailman-core container.
* `/opt/mailman/web` in host maps to `/opt/mailman-web-data` in mailman-web
container.
### Mailman-web
These are the settings that you MUST change in your docker-compose.yaml before deploying:
- `SERVE_FROM_DOMAIN`: The domain name from which Django will be served. To be
added to `ALLOWED_HOSTS` in django settings. Default value is not set. This
also replaces Django's default `example.com` SITE and becomes the default SITE
(with SITE_ID=1).
- `HYPERKITTY_API_KEY`: Hyperkitty's API Key, should be set to the same value
as set for the mailman-core. (Not needed in case of Postorius-only version.)
- `MAILMAN_ADMIN_USER`: The username for the admin user to be created by default.
- `MAILMAN_ADMIN_EMAIL`: The email for the admin user to be created by default.
- `SECRET_KEY`: Django's secret key, mainly used for signing cookies and others.
Please note here that if you choose to create the admin user using the
environment variables mentioned above (`MAILMAN_ADMIN_USER` &
`MAILMAN_ADMIN_EMAIL`), no password is set for your admin account. To set a
password, plese follow the "Forgot Password" link on the "Sign In" page.
Mailman web is already configured to send emails through `$SMTP_HOST` as the
MTA's address. If you want to modify it, you can set the value in under
docker-compose.yaml for mailman-web container. By default, `SMTP_HOST` points
to the gateway of the web container, which is the host itself.
You can also use the environment variables `SMTP_HOST` (defaults to
the container's gateway), `SMTP_PORT` (defaults to `25`), `SMTP_HOST_USER` (defaults to
an empty string), `SMTP_HOST_PASSWORD` (defaults to an empty string),
`SMTP_USE_TLS` (defaults to `False`) and `SMTP_USE_SSL` (defaults to `False`).
This is required in addition to the [Setup your MTA](#setting-up-your-mta)
section below, which covers email setup for Mailman Core.
For more details on how to configure this image, please look at
[Mailman-web's Readme](web/)
### Mailman-Core
These are the variables that you MUST change in your docker-compose.yaml before deploying:
- `HYPERKITTY_API_KEY`: Hyperkitty's API Key, should be set to the same value as
set for the mailman-web. Skip the variable in case of non-Hyperkitty deployment.
- `DATABASE_URL`: URL of the type
`driver://user:password@hostname:port/databasename` for the django to use. If
not set, the default is set to
`sqlite:///opt/mailman-web-data/mailmanweb.db`. The standard
docker-compose.yaml comes with it set to a postgres database. There is no need
to change this if you are happy with PostgreSQL.
- `DATABASE_TYPE`: Its value can be one of `sqlite`, `postgres` or `mysql` as
these are the only three database types that Mailman 3 supports. Its default
value is set to `sqlite` along with the default database class and default
database url above.
- `DATABASE_CLASS`: Default value is
`mailman.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase`. The values for this can be found in
the mailman's documentation [here][11].
- `SMTP_HOST` : outgoing host for SMTP connections
- `SMTP_PORT` : use this port. 25, 587, whatever your host asks for.
- `SMTP_HOST_USER`: authenticate this user
- `SMTP_HOST_PASSWORD`: and use this password
For more details on how to configure this image, please look [Mailman-core's
Readme](core/)
While the above configuration will allow you to run the images and possibly view
the Web Frontend, it won't be functional until it is fully configured to to send
emails.
To configure the mailman-core container to send emails, see the [Setting your MTA
section below](#setting-up-your-mta).
## Running
To run the containers, simply run:
```bash
$ mkdir -p /opt/mailman/core
$ mkdir -p /opt/mailman/web
$ git clone https://github.com/maxking/docker-mailman
$ cd docker-mailman
# Change some configuration variables as mentioned above.
$ docker-compose up -d
```
Note that the web frontend in the mailman-web container is, by default, only
configured to serve dynamic content. Anything static like stylesheets, etc., is
expected to be served directly by the web server. The static content exists at
`/opt/mailman/web/static` and should be _aliased_ to `/static/` in the web
server configuration.
See [the nginx configuration][17] as an example.
This command will do several things, most importantly:
- Run a wsgi server using [`uwsgi`][7] for the Mailman's Django-based web
frontend listening on port 8000. It will run 2 worker
processes with 4 threads each. You may want to change the setting
`ALLOWED_HOSTS` in the settings before deploying the application in
production.
- Run a PostgreSQL server with a default database, username, and password as
mentioned in the `docker-compose.yaml`. You will have to change configuration
files too if you change any of these.
- Run mailman-core listening on port 8001 for REST API and port 8024 (LMTP
server) for messages from your MTA. You will have to configure your MTA to
send messages at this address.
Some more details about what the above system achieves is mentioned below. If you
are only going to deploy a simple configuration, you don't need to read
this. However, these are very easy to understand if you know how docker works.
- First create a bridge network called `mailman` in the
`docker-compose.yaml`. It will probably be named something else in your
machine. All the containers
mentioned (mailman-core, mailman-web, database) will join this network and are
assigned static IPs. The host operating system is the default gateway
from within these containers.
- Spin off a mailman-core container attached to the mailman bridge network created above. It has
GNU Mailman 3 core running inside it. Mailman core's REST API is available at
port 8001 and LMTP server listens at port 8024.
- Spin off a mailman-web container which has a Django application running with
both Mailman's web frontend Postorius and Mailman's web-based Archiver
running. [Uwsgi][7] server is used to run a web server with the configuration
provided in this repository [here][2]. You may want to
change the setting `ALLOWED_HOSTS` in the settings before deploying the
application in production. You can do that by adding a
`/opt/mailman/web/settings_local.py` which is imported by the Django when
running.
- Spin off a PostgreSQL database container which is used by both mailman-core
and mailman-web as their primary database.
- mailman-core mounts `/opt/mailman/core` from host OS at `/opt/mailman` in the
container. Mailman's var directory is stored there so that it is accessible
from the host operating system. Configuration for Mailman core is generated on
every run from the environment variables provided. Extra configuration can
also be provided at `/opt/mailman/core/mailman-extra.cfg` (on host), and will
be added to generated configuration file. Mailman also needs another
configuration file called
[mailman-hyperkitty.cfg][3] and is also
expected to be at `/opt/mailman/core/` on the host OS.
[3]: https://github.com/maxking/docker-mailman/blob/master/core/assets/mailman-hyperkitty.cfg
- mailman-web mounts `/opt/mailman/web` from the host OS to
`/opt/mailman-web-data` in the container. It consists of the logs and
settings_local.py file for Django.
- database mounts `/opt/mailman/database` at `/var/lib/postgresql/data` so that
PostgreSQL can persist its data even if the database containers are
updated/changed/removed.
## Setting up your MTA
The provided docker containers do not have an MTA in-built. You can either run
your own MTA inside a container and have them relay emails to the mailman-core
container or just install an MTA on the host and have them relay emails.
### Exim4
To use [Exim4][8], it should be setup to relay emails from mailman-core and
mailman-web. The mailman specific configuration is provided in the
repository at `core/assets/exim`. There are three files
- [25_mm3_macros](core/assets/exim/25_mm3_macros) to be placed at
`/etc/exim4/conf.d/main/25_mm3_macros` in a typical Debian install of
exim4. Please change MY_DOMAIN_NAME to the domain name that will be used to
serve mailman. Multi-domain setups will be added later.
- [455_mm3_router](core/assets/exim/455_mm3_router) to be placed at
`/etc/exim4/conf.d/router/455_mm3_router` in a typical Debian install of exim4.
- [55_mm3_transport](core/assets/exim/55_mm3_transport) to be placed at
`/etc/exim4/conf.d/transport/55_mm3_transport` in a typical Debian install of exim4.
Also, the default configuration inside the mailman-core image has the MTA set
to Exim, but just for reference, it looks like this:
```
# mailman.cfg
[mta]
incoming: mailman.mta.exim4.LMTP
outgoing: mailman.mta.deliver.deliver
lmtp_host: $MM_HOSTNAME
lmtp_port: 8024
smtp_host: $SMTP_HOST
smtp_port: $SMTP_PORT
configuration: python:mailman.config.exim4
```
### Postfix
To use [Postfix][12], edit the `main.cf` configuration file, which is typically
at `/etc/postfix/main.cf` on Debian-based operating systems. Add
mailman-core and mailman-web to `mynetworks` so it will relay emails from
the containers and add the following configuration lines:
```
# main.cf
# Support the default VERP delimiter.
recipient_delimiter = +
unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550
owner_request_special = no
transport_maps =
regexp:/opt/mailman/core/var/data/postfix_lmtp
local_recipient_maps =
regexp:/opt/mailman/core/var/data/postfix_lmtp
relay_domains =
regexp:/opt/mailman/core/var/data/postfix_domains
```
To configure Mailman to use Postfix, add `MTA=postfix` under mailman-core's
environment section in the `docker-compose.yaml`:
```
mailman-core:
<snip>
environment:
- MTA=postfix
```
This will auto-generate the configuration to talk to Postfix assuming that
Postfix is available at the gateway address for the container's bridge network
at port 25. The final configuration can be found by executing:
```
$ docker exec mailman-core cat /etc/mailman.cfg
```
The postfix configuration that is generated looks like this:
```
[mta]
incoming: mailman.mta.postfix.LMTP
outgoing: mailman.mta.deliver.deliver
lmtp_host: $MM_HOSTNAME
lmtp_port: 8024
smtp_host: $SMTP_HOST
smtp_port: $SMTP_PORT
configuration: /etc/postfix-mailman.cfg
```
So, if you need to update the values, you can set `SMTP_HOST`, `SMTP_PORT`,
`MM_HOSTNAME` environment variables in `mailman-core` container.
Please verify the output for `[mta]` section to ensure that it points to
the right `smtp_host` (address to reach postfix from mailman-core container)
and `lmtp_host` (address to reach mailman-core container from postfix).
The configuration file `/etc/postfix-mailman.cfg` is also generated automatically
inside the `mailman-core` container and contains the configuration specific
for Postfix.
## Site Owner
Setup site owner address. By default, mailman is setup with the site_owner set to 'changeme@example.com'. This should be pointing to a valid mailbox. Add the following to the '/opt/mailman/core/mailman-extra.cfg'.
```
[mailman]
# This address is the "site owner" address. Certain messages which must be
# delivered to a human, but which can't be delivered to a list owner (e.g. a
# bounce from a list owner), will be sent to this address. It should point to
# a human.
site_owner: changeme@example.com
```
## Setting up search indexing
Hyperkitty in mailman-web image support full-text indexing. The current default
indexing engine is [Whoosh](https://whoosh.readthedocs.io/en/latest/intro.html)
for historical reasons. It is highly recommended that you instead use Xapian for
production use cases. The default will change when the next major version bump
happens.
To configure your Mailman-web container to use Xapian, add the following to your
`settings_local.py`:
```python
HAYSTACK_CONNECTIONS = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'xapian_backend.XapianEngine',
'PATH': "/opt/mailman-web-data/fulltext_index",
},
}
```
If you have been using the default search indexing engine, you might have to
re-index emails using the following command:
```bash
$ docker-compose exec mailman-web ./manage.py rebuild_index
```
This command can take some time if you a lot of emails, so please be patient!
## Setting up your web server
It is advisable to run your Django (interfaced through WSGI server) through an
_actual_ webserver in production for better performance.
If you are using v0.1.0, the uwsgi server is configured to listen to requests at
port `8000` using the `HTTP` protocol. Make sure that you preserve the `HOST`
header when you proxy the requests from your Web Server. In Nginx you can do
that by adding the following to your configuration:
```
# Nginx configuration.
location /static {
alias /opt/mailman/web/static;
autoindex off;
}
location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
include uwsgi_params;
uwsgi_read_timeout 300;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
}
```
Make sure you are using `proxy_pass` for the `HTTP` protocol.
### uwsgi
Starting from v0.1.1, the uwsgi server is configured to listen to requests at
port `8000` with the http protocol and port `8080` for the uwsgi
protocol.
**Please make sure that you are using port 8080 for uwsgi protocol.**
It is advised to use the uwsgi protocol as it has better performance. Both
Apache and Nginx have native support for the uwsgi protocol through plugins which
are generally included in the distro packages.
To move to uwsgi protocol in the above nginx configuration use this
```
# Nginx configuration.
location /static {
alias /opt/mailman/web/static;
autoindex off;
}
location / {
uwsgi_pass localhost:8080;
include uwsgi_params;
uwsgi_read_timeout 300;
}
```
Please make sure that you are using v0.1.1 or greater if you use this configuration.
### Serving static files
UWSGI by default doesn't serve static files so, when running
`mailman-web` using the provided `docker-compose.yaml` file, you won't see any
CSS or JS files being served.
To enable serving of static files using UWSGI, add the following environment
variable to your `docker-compose.yaml` file under `mailman-web`:
```
UWSGI_STATIC_MAP=/static=/opt/mailman-web-data/static
```
It is recommended to use web-server to serve static files instead of UWSGI for
better performance. You will have to add an alias rule in your web server to
serve the static files. See [here][18] for instructions on how to configure your
web server. The STATIC_ROOT for you would be `/opt/mailman/web/static`.
### SSL certificates
SSL Certificates from Lets Encrypt need to be renewed every 90 days. You can
setup a cron job to do the job. I have this small shell script (certbot-renew.sh)
that you can put up in `/etc/cron.monthly` to get the job done.
```
#! /bin/bash
cd /opt/letsencrypt/
./certbot-auto --config /etc/letsencrypt/renewal/MY_DOMAIN_NAME.conf certonly
if [ $? -ne 0 ]
then
ERRORLOG=`tail /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log`
echo -e "The Let's Encrypt cert has not been renewed! \n \n" \
$ERRORLOG
else
nginx -s reload
fi
exit 0
```
**Please do not forget to make the script executable (`chmod +x certbot-renew.sh`).**
## LICENSE
This repository is licensed under the MIT License. Please see the LICENSE file for
more details.
[1]: http://list.org
[2]: https://www.docker.com/
[3]: https://docs.docker.com/compose/
[4]: http://docs.mailman3.org/en/latest/
[5]: https://docs.docker.com/engine/installation/
[6]: https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/
[7]: https://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
[8]: http://exim.org/
[9]: https://letsencrypt.org/
[10]: https://certbot.eff.org/
[11]: https://mailman.readthedocs.io/en/latest/src/mailman/docs/database.html
[12]: http://www.postfix.org/
[13]: http://semver.org/
[14]: https://docs.docker.com/engine/security/trust/content_trust/
[15]: http://docs.mailman3.org/en/latest/config-web.html#setting-up-email
[17]: https://docs.mailman3.org/en/latest/install/virtualenv.html#nginx-configuration
[18]: http://docs.list.org/en/latest/pre-installation-guide.html#django-static-files
[19]: https://github.com/maxking/docker-mailman/blob/master/docker-compose.yaml
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